The crack in the anus – treatment, symptoms, the reasons

The cracks in the anus causes

The etiology of fractures varied. There are several theories of crack: mechanical, neuroreflex, infectious. Supporters mechanical theory to explain the occurrence of cracks due to damage of the anal passage of solid objects, that are found in the feces (husks of sunflower seeds, fruits bone). Localization of cracks depends on anatomic and physiological features of the colon, since it is at an angle and has a very loose skin.

According to the neuro-reflex theory is the cause of anal neuritis. Causes of cracks in the anus infectious theory is, that become infected anal glands. Inflammation contributes to fibrosis in tissues around glandular, which leads to a decrease in elasticity. abscess breakthrough gives rise to the occurrence of anal fissure.

Cracks rarely occur in otherwise healthy people. Most amid loosening and elasticity decrease mucosal anus with swelling of hemorrhoidal veins.

The main causes of cracks anus

1. stagnation of blood in the rectum - occurs in people, who lead a sedentary lifestyle;
2. Chronic diseases of the stomach and intestines, namely gastritis, peptic ulcer;
3. Injury anus, resulting in constipation, the presence of particles in the feces and the introduction into the anus of foreign bodies;
4. Hemorrhoids It is one of the most important etiological factors for anal fissures. With increasing attenuation occurs hemorrhoids and anal trauma during defecation;
5. Against the backdrop of the innervation of the gut occurs spasm of the sphincter.

Depending on the flow are acute and chronic anal fissure. Acute occur at break mucosa, eg, in distraint. Usually, acute fractures heal within three days without any treatment.

Chronic fissures are caused by a new injury to the rectum mucosal ball. Wall cracks dense and can not heal for months or even several years,.

Symptoms of anal fissure

Signs and symptoms in the acute stage of the disease

The main sign of acute fracture is pain. The pain may be chronic or acute, the nature of the strong, cutting or barbed. It may radiate to the genitals, crotch, bladder, which sometimes leads men to a violation of urination. To reduce the pain, patients are looking for forced position - tighten the legs to the stomach or stretched on the bed, sit or walk.

The pain can last from minutes to several days. Sometimes the pain occur only during defecation. Most crack is localized at the rear intestine. Usually, there is quite a strong spasm of the anus (sphincter). Clinically evident difficulty of defecation. Also there are bleeding from the anus during defecation. Blood can be in the form of a narrow strip on one side of feces.

Symptoms anus during chronic process crack

One of the hallmarks of chronic pain is the crack. It can be a short-term remission (cessation of pain) on 10 -20. The pain is worse in the long sitting position. Due to the long-term pain, Patients become irritable, they are concerned about insomnia. Patients often take laxatives, because they scare the process of defecation.

Spasm of the anal sphincter is constantly observed, even at rest. It brings not only the constant discomfort, but also cause many unpleasant effects. The consequence is a long spasm chronic constipation. As a result, a long re-spasm cal promotes the formation of new cracks. Also found in the feces of blood veins, and sometimes pus from the anus.

Cracks in the anus irrespective of the flow have a triad

1. Pain during or after a bowel movement;
2. Crack detection during the inspection;
3. The presence of spasm of the sphincter of the anus.

It looks like anal fissure

Usually cracks are located on the rear wall of the envelope rectum at six o'clock on the dial. But in rare cases, it can be seen on the anterior commissure. It has an elongated (extended) shape and leather hides between the folds of the anus. end nispadayushtie, but she did not crack gaping. length of 1,5 cm, width up to 2 mm. Some patients can be longer 2 cm. The depth does not exceed 3 mm. One end is on the surface of the skin, and the second on the mucosa. It looks so sharp crack.

A looks like anal fissure during chronic process? Generally, little different, There is only one caveat. He is, that at the outer end of the crack appears skinfold with podrytymi edges, so-called border tubercle, and an inner end has a small hillock.

Complications of cracks in the anus

1. Acute paraproctitis - hit an infectious agent through the damaged mucosa in adipose tissue;
2. massive bleeding;
3. Fistulas in the rectum;
4. colitis;
5. Prostatitis.

Diagnosis and treatment has been a doctor proctologist.

By the methods of diagnosis include

• Visual inspection;
• Internal inspection is on digital rectal examination. The doctor probes the wall of the introduction to her index finger. In this way, You can determine the degree of spasm of the sphincter, localization of cracks and generally find, It looks like anal fissure;
• Before instrumentally survey refers sigmoidoscopy. It can be used to examine colon mucosa at a distance of 35 cm from the anus.
• Anoscopy - it is in the final examination of the rectum.

How to treat anal fissure

Choice of treatment performed by a doctor proctologist, After the survey depends on the stage of the disease and the patient. Treatment is conservative and surgical.

Treatment conservative manner

Cracks in the anus treatment diet. From the diet is necessary to remove the salt, acidic foods, refuse alcoholic beverages and tobacco products. Consume more fruit, black bread, buckwheat porridge, oatmeal, vegetables diet should be directed towards the elimination of constipation.

thermal treatments. Good help in the treatment of warm baths. Besides hydrotherapy helps to strengthen and cleanse the skin, especially in the period of exacerbation. In the form of dry heat used warmers;

Physical therapy procedures. Used as auxiliary treatment. Of those using UHF, darsonvalization, diathermy. These methods contribute to the accumulation of heat in the tissues. They act according to the type of thermal baths and hot-water bottles, namely relieve spasm of the sphincter, reduce pain syndrome, accelerate wound healing.

During constipation recommended therapeutic enema. This is the most effective, easy and affordable way. It is best to do them in the morning just after waking up. The act of defecation after the enema takes place entirely painless. Enema formulation is recommended before each stool for two weeks.

For the treatment of combined use suppositories and ointments (candles). for example, Relif, Proktozan, herb extract, Gemorron. All of them are used internally, and externally in the form of rectal suppositories or ointments - 2 times a day, after defecation and external anal toilets.

Treatment surgically

Indications for surgical treatment:

1. The ineffectiveness of conservative treatment;
2. Chronic anal fissure passage;
3. Chronic complications crack.

Surgical treatment is the removal of rectal fissures. To prevent future re-cracking is carried out partial sphincterotomy. After surgery, the anus is introduced gauze, soaked in antiseptic solution. already on 8 the day after the operation wound heals.

Postoperatively, conducted hygiene - processing anus antiseptics, Wash the anus after defecation. Also, stool consistency must be soft to prevent divergence of seams and recurrent relapses.

Forecast of cracks in the anus favorable. With timely and proper treatment, there comes convalescence.