Rectal fissures. Things to know?

It is worth noting, in accordance with statistical data the frequency of this disease varies 10-20% all diseases, which occur in the rectum. The disease can occur regardless of the age of the patient. However, the most characteristic crack rectum for young women. In men, the disease also develops most often in his old age.

For fresh anal fissure is characterized by slit-like shape, whose smooth, smooth edges. Sphincter muscle tissue protrudes her bottom. Over time the edges and the bottom cover cracks granulation, having fibrinous raid. If the disease is a long period, the connective tissue begins to grow on the edges of the crack, compacted and the fabric is exposed to trophic changes. on the domestic, a fissure in the rare case and the outer edge can develop sites, where is the excess fabric, which creates anal tubercles. Subsequently the data of hillocks can be formed polyp fibrosa.

The main causes of rectal fissures

Nowadays, there are many reasons for the development of this pathology. Identify the following main reasons:

• mechanical injury;
• vascular disease - hemorrhoids;
• changes in the epithelium of the mucous gut membrane.

Today the most common cause of the disease acts injury rectal epithelium, arising during the process of its bowel movements, when dense stool pass through the rectum.

It is worth noting, rectum from the vagina in women separated thin wall, which is damage in the first place. Provided chronic fractures in women in place of the defect on the anterior rectal wall is formed rectovaginal fistula. It is an opening, which connects the vaginal cavity with the cavity of the rectum. Firstly, this pathology entail imbalance vaginal flora and the development of various gynecological and urological diseases.

The consequences of a difficult birth process (large fruit, perineal tear tissue) also entails the formation of cracks in the rectum. Besides, this may be due to any abnormalities of the pelvic organs.

Quite often, hemorrhoids and fissures of the rectum accompany each other. In this case, an acute disease development, usually, It becomes chronic pathology.

In the presence of rectal defect, intestinal inhabitants, 2-3 kilograms of various bacteria, They can enter the body and cause the development of bacterial inflammation. In the future, this process can significantly extend to the deeper located layers of the rectum and not only. The process of defecation bowel becomes almost impossible, and to solve the problem is only possible after surgery.

Classification of rectal fissures

The disease has four classifications, which in turn are divided into subspecies. And so the rectum cracks distinguish:

1. For the duration of the disease:

• acute form of the disease, the duration of which does not exceed four weeks;
• Chronic anal fissure. Its duration is over 4 weeks, and it is characterized by omozolennye edge.

2. At the place of localization of cracks in the anal canal:

• back wall, typical for men;
• front wall, It affects mainly women;
• sidewalls rectum. Cracks develop in this place people, who suffer from hemorrhoids.

3. According to the degree of disease occurrence:

• without any complications;
• accompanied by bleeding and acute paraproctitis.

4. As sphincter;

• with spazmami;
• without spazmov.

symptoms, proving the development of fissures of the rectum

To crack the rectum characterized by the development of three major symptoms, which are the basis for the reference to the doctor:

1. Pain in the anus. Especially noticeable during defecation. In the acute form of the disease is very severe pain, It occurs during bowel feces and continues for another half an hour after it. In chronic pain disease longer and occur at any time. In this case, the person has a fear of the act of defecation.
2. Spasms of the anal sphincter. These spasms - a kind of response to pain, arising in the anus. Spasm causes discomfort, however during it mucosal vessels are compressed and thereby becomes significantly less bleeding.
3. Bleeding from the anal canal. Bleeding can be detected on underwear or on the stool after a bowel feces.